![]() At any load, the true stress is the load divided by the cross-sectional area at that instant. While you are pulling, the length increases, but the width and thickness shrink. ![]() At any load, the engineering stress is the load divided by this initial cross-sectional area. It’s easy to measure these, since it is your starting material. But what cross section are you considering? Before starting that pull, the bar had a known cross-section of, let’s say, 0.5″ wide x metal thickness. Load divided by cross-sectional area is force, or stress.
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